Atlas manual of lathe operation and pdf download free

Much of the data will prove invaluable to the machinist and the more experienced lathe operator. It is our hope that this Manual will further the advancement of the lathe user ill all walks of industry. If we have helped him, even in a small way, the research and labor involved in the preparation of this book will have been well worth while.

Oltlas Press Company We wish to extend our sincere appreciation to the many manufacturers, engineers and machinists who have assisted in the preparation of the technical material in this manual.

Manual of Lathe Operations and Machinists Tables. For inch Quick Change Lathe. This manual is printed in it's original size 5. See "Which manual works with my lathe" section below for explanations.

The Format. The 12 sections are as follows:. SEE " Which manual works with your lathe:" below. To browse Academia. Skip to main content. If only one chuck is t o be purchased, it should be the four-jaw independent chuck shown in Figure It is easily the most versatile typ e of chuck. T he four jaws are adjusted separately and a r e r ever sible so that work of any shape can be clamped from the inside or t he outside. For extremely accur ate work, check for trueness with chalk and place shims over one of the jaws until the work runs true.

To insure accuracy, the piece being machined should never be removed or reversed until all operations have been completed. The teeth of the jaws are cut in a circular shape to mesh with the scroll threads. Consequently, the universal chuck jaws cannot be reversed.

An extra set of jaws, carefully fitted to the chuck, is furnished so that large diameters can be held from the i nside or outside. T o change univers al chuck j aws, first remove jaws from slots by turning wrench. II ja ws stick tap lightly with a piece o f wood or a brass hammer. Note that each jaw and j aw slot is marked "1 ," "2," or "3.

See that jaws, jaw slots, and scroll are free from dirt. Turn scroll until the outside start of the scroll thread is pu st ready to pass the No. S lide No. Turn scroll until jaw is en gaged. Adv ance scroll and repeat for Nos. S the universal chuc k. Note that jaws are 2"rip. Its own. Put the chuck wrench in its hole and pull as shown in Figure If necessary, tap the jaws with a piece of wood or a brass hammer.

Do not remove the chuck carelessly. You may damage the spindle or chuck threads or drop the chuck on the bed ways. Before mounting work, clean the threads in both the chuck and the lathe spindle with a piece of bent wire. Clean the face of the shoulder on the spindle nose and the back face of the chuck.

Put a few drops of oil on spindle nose. Mount the chuck carefully and not too tight, first removing the center and sleeve from the spindle. The soft thud indicates a good firm seating against the shoulder. Be careful when tightening work in the chuck jaws. Too much pressure on the jaws will affect t he accuracy of the chuck and may spring the work if a light piece is being turned. Try to have the jaws tighten around the more solid parts of the work. Always use the wrench which comes with the chuck.

When chucking work in the universal or headstock chuck, turn the work as the jaws are tightened-an accurate "form fit" will result. Small diameter work should not project from the chuck jaws more than four or five times its diameter-cuts should be short and light. Heavy cutting pressures will often cause small work to spring out and "ride the tool.

The an gle plate shown in F igure 93 is bolt ed to any point on the face plate for machinin g irregular shapes and for off-center drilling and boring. Figu res 94 and 95 show two typical jobs. Whenever ex treme accuracy is required on small diameters, t h e draw-in collet chuck attachm ent is the logical method of chucking. Some typical collet work: precision tools.

The collet attachm ent , as shown in Figure 96, include s a hollow draw-in spindle w h ich exten ds t hrough th e lath e headstock spindle, a tapered holdi ng sleeve and t h e split h oldi ng collets.

Cast iron, with hardened tool steel plugs for the ends, is often used in making a mandrel for large work. The mandrel should be tapered about. When finished, the mandrel diameter should be a force fit for the h ole in the work and the tailstock end should be. To make removal easier, put a drop or two of oil on the portion of the mandrel which will gr ip the work. Never drive a mandrel with a steel hammer without protecting the end.

The best tool for forcing a mandrel in or out of the work is an arbor press, or mandrel press Fig. Be sure the work is started perfectly straight and on the entering end of t he mandrel. Drill with proper lip clearance. The c utting lip an d h eel, S, H eel line. B, is lower than cutting are in th e same plane. Checks bo th length and angle of drill li ps.

Reaming a cast iron h an dwhee l. Figure shows a typical reaming job on the lathe. For best results, follow the same rules in reaming as in drilling and general turning.

Use slow speeds, feed in evenly and be sure there are no burrs on the reamer teeth. The type of reamer shown in Figure is generally used in the lathe. A reaming allowance between. Bot h are mounted in the tailstock r am as shown in Figur es and The drill pad serves as a table for flat or square work and is especially valuable for drilling large holes when a drill press is not available.

The crotch center automatically centers round work for cross drilling. The work is held in the left hand and advanced against the drill by turning the tailstock handwheel.

The met al s tan d has a h o le for each drill with the drill size and its decimal equivalent clearly m arked. The drills can also be purchased separately. Note high-spe ed boring tool mounted directly in tool post fo r maxi m um rigid ity. Boring operation s require only slightly differe nt tools and methods than those for external turning.

T he b ig problem is t hat of tool rigidity, beca use m ost internal tools project considerably from their support. Fi gure shows a typical b oring operation. There are several types of boring tools and m ounting methods. The tools shown in Figure 11 9 are mounted directly in the tool post. The exact amount of front clearance depends up on the size of the hole being b ored. F igur e sh ows how a f ront clearance angle can b e too small for one hole b u t satisfactory for a larger h ole.

HE EL. Side Cl earance: Same as for external tools. Back and Side Rake: About half of external angle s-in some cases, less than half. Then b y putting the cuttin g edge on exact center, the correct amount of back rake is p rovided.

The general rules for the use of external tools apply to boring tools. For maxim um r i gidity. This g r adual process avoids spring in the tool- the final finish cut should be continuous. In Figure the lines representing the diameter "PD," are located so as to make spaces "aa" and "bb" equal. On a 60 0 Vee-type thread and on National Form threads, the pitch diameter is simply the major diameter less t he depth of the thread.

Thus, knowing the major diameter required, subtracting from it the double depth of thread for the required pitch, gives the minor diameter. Information on double depths of National Form threads for different pitches will be found on page PITCH-The distance from a point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread, measured parellel to the axis see Fig. In Figure , the distance between points X and Y represents one inch.

T hread Gauge. The form of this tool also provides ample clearance for even the coarsest threads. The tool is resharpened by simply grinding the top edge, adjusting the tool as it wears.

I FIG. The beginner often finds it h elpful to turn the grooves C and D Fig. In F IG. With the point of the tool about an inch to the right of the start of the thread.

Start the lathe and engage the half-nut lever on t h e carriage. Appply plenty of lub ri cant to t h e work. W hen t he p oint of the tool reaches the groove at t h e end of the thread groove D in Figure , raise t h e half-nut lever on the ca r r iage, b ack out the cross feed a tu r n or two, and return t h e carriag e by h and t o the starting point. Advance the cross feed to its original posit ion at 0, advance t h e compound rest for the desired d epth of cut, and engage the half-nut lever for the second cut.

All feeding is done with the compound rest. A final pass through the thread with no advance whatever will often clean up any remaining high spots. Take the last cuts with extreme care. H eavier cuts can b e taken on soft metals such as brass or aluminum, but if a fine finish is desired, the last cuts should be very l ight. W ith other metals use the type of lubri cant recommended for g eneral turning operation s. If the thread is to be cut with a sharp pointed 60 0 tool, the major diameter is equal to the minor d iameter plus the Vee-form Double Depth of Thread Table I, page When the tool point has cut to the depth of groove C, the thread has been finished.

Groove D should be about twice as wide as the thread pitch and a few thousandths larger than the major diameter. This groove provides a brief interval at the end of each cut during which the work can revolve freely while the half-nut lever is disengaged. The grooves C and D can be omitted after the operator has learned internal thread cutting operations.

Acme Screw Throad and Formulas. T h e A cm e screw thread Fig is often found in power transmi ssions, wh ere heavy loads necessitate close-fitting threads. Anot her common application is in the lead screws and feed screws of precision m achine tools. T h e very light cuts w hen turning or boring a square t hread. Dra w line "a b" equa l to the circumference of the thread 3.

Then draw line "ac " at right angles to flab" :J a nd eq ml in len gth to th e th r ead pitch o r lead, if a multi ple threa d.

Draw lin e F IG. If the stock FIG. F i gure shows a typ e of pipe center recommended for s up port ing the stock w hil e cut ti n g p ip e type L. This procedure is n ecessary b ecause metric th reads have no definite relation to the t hreading dial. Tool Ve! The position of t h e lever is indicated at the left end of the row of numbers in wh ich you find the thread or feed desired.

Righ t H and Quick-Change L ever - shifts to nine positions. They are numbered on bottom row of chart beneat h carriage feeds. T h e indexing position of the lever is always directly below the thread or feed des ired. See Controls, Step "D", for location of gear positions. The position of the sliding gear is indicated on the chart in the same row as the thread or feed desired.

These positions are marked on chart directly above left hand group of indexing holes in gear box. The lever position for a thread or feed is shown in same row as thread or feed desired. The indexing position of the lever is always directly below the thread or feed desired. When writing specify thread or feed required - for coil winding f eeds, give name, type and size of wire. The positions of the gears on the stud assemblies are denoted as "N"and " F" i n the gear set-up tables.

Cross section of chan! Gear clearance does not reduce the accuracy of a thread cutting operation, because all play in t he gears is taken up in one direction.

A small amount of grease, preferably graphite grease, applied to gear teeth will often aid in obtain i ng smoother. All the lubrication cups on the gear housing are shown in illustration at right. Put a few drops of oil in each oil cup once a week if lathe is used constantly.

Qu ic k-Change lever bear in gs a nd shaft oil once a week. Occasionally apply a small amount of heavy outer gear lubricant to the feed gears and tumbler gears-it will aid in obtaining smooth er, more quiet operation.

Extra gears, stub assemblies, and spacers necessary to make up the gear train are available from factory at nominal cost. Left Ri. These designations will be found on the lathe threading chart as well as in all of the following gear data. Gear bracket positions. The outer end of the longest bracket slot is called "Position A," the inner portion of the same slot is "Position B. The gear bushing has a double key which fits into the keyways in the gears.

The gear bushing and two gears fit over a stud bushing, and the assembly is bolted to the gear bracket. The washer is a bearing for the outer end of the gear bushing. Cross section of c hang e gear stud as sembly. N oti c e t h at in o rder to make this assembly complete, two gears m us t be m ount ed on the gear bushing at one time. When both of th e g ears on a g ea r bushing mesh with other gears in the train, they fo r m a " com p ound " g ear assembly.

When only one of two gea rs on a gea r bushing m eshes with the other gears in the train, It is called an "idle r. A method often used to ob- P ro p e r ge a r clearance.

A small am ount of g rease, p r eferably graphite grease, applied to gear teeth wi ll oft en aid in obtaining smoother, more quiet operation. Whenever a n ew gear train has been set up, shift the reverse fee d leve r t o t est th e dir ection of the carriage travel.

Because som e set-ups a re s im p le-g ea red an d some are compounded, the carriage tra vel w ill n ot ne cessarily b e to the right when the r everse lever is shi fted t o t h e right. Swing entire gear bracket upward an d ti ghten so t hat 64 tooth gear in Position A meshes with the 32 tooth compounrl tumbler gear. Gear set-up for 8 throu g h 16 threa d s per in c h. Place on back position of screw stub the gear list ed in "Gear on Screw" column of threading chart.

Place 64 tooth gear and 20 tooth gear on b ush ing in Posit ion B with 64 tooth gear in back position. Tight en s o th at 64 t oo th gear meshes with gear in screw posit ion. The 64 tooth gear is an idler; the 20 tooth gear is a spacer. Swing entire gear bra cket upward and tig h t en s o that 64 tooth gear in Position B meshes w ith 32 tooth compound tumbler gear.

Place on front position of screw stub the gear listed in "Gear on Screw" column of threading chart. Place 20 tooth gear and 64 tooth gear on bushing and mount in Position C with 20 tooth gear in back position. Tighten so that 64 tooth gear meshes with gear in screw position.

Exception; When cutting 32 threads per inch, substitute a 56 t ooth gear for the 64 t ooth g ear.. Place 64 tooth gear and 32 t ooth gear on b ushing an d m ount in Position A with 64 tooth gear in back p osition. Tighten so that 32 tooth gear meshes with 64 tooth gear in P osition C. P lace 32 t ooth gear and 64 too th gear on bushing and mount in Position B with 32 tooth gear in b ack position. Tighten so that 32 tooth gear meshes with 64 tooth gear in Position C. Exceptions: 1 When cutting 36 threads per inch substitute 24 tooth gear for 32 too th gear and 48 tooth gear for 64 tooth gear.

S wing entire gear bracket upward so that the 64 tooth gear in P osition B meshes with the 16 tooth compound tumbler gear. G ear set-up for '12 thre a ds per inch. Place 64 tooth gear in back position of screw stub. Place 54 tooth gear an d 24 tooth gear on bushing and mount in Positio n B with 24 tooth gear in back position. Tighten so that 24 tooth gear meshes with the 64 tooth gear in screw position.

Place 56 tooth gear and 20 tooth gear on bushing and mount in Positi on A with 20 tooth gear in back position. Tighten so that 56 tooth gear meshes wi t h 54 tooth gear in Position B. T h e 56 tooth gear is a n idler; the 20 tooth gear is a spacer. Swing entire gear bracket upwa r d and tighten so that the 56 tooth gear in Position A meshes with the 16 tooth compound tumbler gear.

Place 48 t ooth gear on front position of screw stub. P lace 40 tooth gear and 24 tooth gear on bushing in Position D with 40 tooth gear in back position. Tighten so that 24 tooth gear meshes with 48 tooth gear on screw stub. Exception: Wh en cutting 96 th reads per inch substitute 20 to oth gear fo r 24 tooth gear. Without the threading dial it would be necessary to reverse the motor at the end of each cut and "wind" the tool out FIG. A n y one of the fOUI dial markings may be used for following cuts.

When cutting odd-numbered threads such as 7. Either the "I" or "2" dial marking may be used for following cuts. Other lines m a y be marked in by t he same mark on the threading operator as needed. The setting of the compound rest feed is changed only after each of the four grooves has been cut to the depth of setting. The cutting operation is the same as in the preceding paragraph. The sett ing of the compound rest feed is changed only after each of the four grooves has been cut to the depth of setting.

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Donations can be made through PayPal or by sending a check or money order to us. Home Page. Mission Submitting Content VintageMachinery. Because they sold in such huge numbers, the most frequently encountered models today are the "10F", a power-cross feed version of the "D", and the useful little backgeared and screwcutting 6-inch 3-inch centre height. However, the very early 9-inch and the later more thoroughly developed inch are not uncommon. If you find the information on this web site useful, please consider making a donation to the Vintage Machinery web site.

Donations will be used to offset the cost of bringing you this service to you and enhancing the site to include other useful features. Price One Dollar in U. Fundamental and concrete theory, as well as operating procedure, is included in order to make this book suitable for students, apprentices and vocational schools. Much of the data will prove invaluable to the machinist and the more experienced lathe operator.

It is our hope that this Manual will further the advancement of the lathe user ill all walks of industry. If we have helped him, even in a small way, the research and labor involved in the preparation of this book will have been well worth while. Because they sold in such huge numbers, the most frequently encountered models today are the "10F", a power-cross feed version of the "D", and the useful little backgeared and screwcutting 6-inch 3-inch centre height.

However, the very early 9-inch and the later more thoroughly developed inch are not uncommon. As the final inch lathe was assembled on the 6th of March, , that gives a production run for the type as a whole, including the first 9-inch models, of almost 50 years.

If you don't recognise your particular Atlas model, explore all the hyper-links above for, besides different sizes of lathe, the company also produced a range of " Utility " and what were called " Unit Plan " models - some without screwcutting and with unguarded belt drives - that can be difficult to categorise.